The Science behind making FYM?
Farm Yard Manure is the good source of nutrients and make soil friable and improves water holding capacity, regulate soil temperature and improves biological activities and ultimate has positive impact in yield.
Its a biodegraded material originated from excreta of domesticated animal like cow, buffalo, goat, horse and chickens and so on. But farmers they are unknown how to decompose it. And even the technician has no idea how to decompose it in a easy way.
FYM can provide all sort of nutrients in all in a few amount. Say Urea can provide 46% nitrogen in single component but FYM can give 1% N in composition with other nutrients like P2O5 , K2O and other so may micronutrients like B, Zn, Cu, Fe etc in very minute amount.
FYM in self if we compare which animal will supply more is according to the volume of the animal body. Like elephant manure is less nutritive than buffalo.... Cow dung is more nutritive than buffalo... Goat manure is more richer than cow dung and birds manure is much nutritive than cow and so one...means that if the animal size is reduced their intake nature is so differs and the nutrients value is also differs.
FYM is spread over crops in Far western part of Nepal and in other parts of Nepal spread in heap in the field. Its a bad practice as their nutritive value is lost by either by sun or by water. It is needed to mixed immediately into soil to do a proper work. And most of the farmers do not know how to manage it... how to decompose it.... Its simple, provide aeration... use agri lime or even urea and if any thing is not available use soil as a starter because straw in dung is a carbon and to decompose it need nitrogen... These sources provide N and microbes in soil or dung disintegrate it into simpler form and decompose. During FYM making heat is generated ..its due to respiration of Microbes ...
Make a pit in dry condition of having 1 m and in each 25-30 cm apart .. make it plain to the dung spread those N material like urea or agri lime of soil... continue other other layer the same till 1 m is not completed.... Put some sticks to allow aeration and cover either by permanent roof or by plastic roof. Overlap it within 1.5 months and it continue by the same N material adding it. If the pit is so dry apply few water... Within 3 months it will be ready friable and no smell you find in the FYM with ample moisture and all the materials well decomposed nature and not known what were used before. The ant may lay on it and few fungus may seen if well decomposed. In commercial way this task you can allow for cultivated earthworms. It can decompose well in the desired way.
Apply such FYM in the field to boost up your soil in a sustainable way adding other chemical fertilizer for the new growing population.
